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Beginnings of the modern prison in the Czech lands in the 1st third of the 19th century: Punishment, prison, prisoner
Mitáčková, Renáta ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Olšáková, Doubravka (referee)
This thesis deals with the origins of the modern prison system in czech lands at the first third of the 19th century. At first, the theoretical part of the thesis presents the opinions of the authors of existing literature. Afterthen it concentrates at the most famous reformers of criminal law and prison system. In the end it describes the criminal justice system and prison in Habsburg Monarchy. Practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts - punishment, prison and prisoner. The first part deals with the concept of the punishment and its purpose. It presents and analyzes crimes and punishments. The second part is focused on the prison and its functions. Was the purpose of the prison to punish or also to correct the prisoner? Which instruments served to correction of the prisoner? The thesis also compares the functioning of the prison and the other institution of detention - the workhouse. The last part is searching for the answers on this questions: How should the prison act on the prisoner's soul and body? What part did the punishments play within the prison and how should they be realized? The aim of the thesis is to try to capture, how did the new concepts of imprisonment show in the praxis of prison and how they act on organization of prison. Key words: punishment, prison, prisoner,...
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Status of the emperor according to the Austrian constitutions
Danielovský, Martin ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
Resume Status of the emperor according to the Austrian constitutions The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the position which belonged to the head of the Habsburg Monarchy according to the Austrian Constitutions from the second half of the 19th century. The revolutionary years 1848-1849 caused changes in the constitutional system of the monarchy. These changes were also reflected at the level of head of state. The emperor was no longer to be sole representative of state power, but he had to participate in it together with the parliament and the government. When examining these changes, it is necessary to differentiate the formal position of Emperor, which belonged to him under the Constitutions and his factual position. Realistically, the emperor maintained until the collapse of the monarchy considerable influence on the exercise of state power. The work explores the following constitutions: Pillersdorf (April) constitution of 1848, Kremsier constitution of 1849, Stadion (March) constitution of 1849, Schmerling (February) constitution of 1861 and Beust (December) constitution of 1867. The work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter describes constitutional and political development of the Habsburg monarchy since revolution in 1848 until the release of the December constitution in 1867 and it...
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On the Edge of the Military Society. Military Invalids, Deserters and Delinquents in the Imperial-Royal Army in the Seven Years' War
Švehelka, Ondřej ; Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Bělina, Pavel (referee) ; Petráň, Josef (referee)
This thesis concerns military invalids, deserters and delinquents in the Imperial-Royal Army during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Its essence lies in the research of documents originated from the activity of the Representations and Chambers, the supreme representative offices in Bohemia and Moravia. The elementary methodological approach comes from a positivist conception, therefore it interprets the information found within the sources as a story (in a certain sense of word) based on the reality which is recorded by them. The theoretical part is enhanced by the outcomes of study of auxiliary books called Elenchs that provide information even about such sources that have not been preserved till today. Thus, I try to answer the question to which extent it is still possible to use them. The main component of the work is formed by three chapters which are dedicated to particular categories of the military persons in an order stated above. Within them, I present the results of the source research that, in the case of the invalids, concern notably their economic security and utilization for the Habsburg Monarchy's war effort. The chapter about the military deserters continues my previous research and amends it (among else) with newly found facts within the sphere of the enlightened-absolutist...
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Political programmes of the Czech representation in the second half of the 19th century
Zikmund, Michal ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
The thesis Political Programmes of the Czech Representation in the Second Halve of the 19th Century focuses on both programme documents and actual work of Czech political parties, whether more or less institutionalized, between the years 1848 (March Revolution) and 1918 (the downfall of Austria-Hungary). At first it summarizes the historical development in the respective period (Chapter 1), next, it analyses programmes of political parties in three broadly defined topics: 1) Organisation of the empire, question of the Czech State Right (Chapter 2); 2) Constitutionalism, civil rights and role of a citizen (Chapter 3) and 3) National matters (Chapter 4). The attitudes about each of these areas of the following political parties are defined: Bohemian nobility, National Party (till 1874) or Old Czechs (since then), Young Czechs, Social Democrats, Agrarians, Catholic parties, National Socialists, Progress parties and parties of the Radical State Right, Realists and Anarchists. For the conclusion, the author of the thesis attempts to characterise and evaluating the Czech political representation, as well as its importance for the development since 1918.
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The attempts to federalize the Austrian monarchy
Čermák, Zdeněk ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
The topic of this doctoral thesis is an analysis of the attempts to federalize the Austrian monarchy occurring between 1848 and 1918. Special focus is given to the political program and concept of a state in the works of František Palacký. The first part of the thesis will introduce chronologically all principal ideas and theories which Palacký created during his life and which concern his concept of organization of the multi-national Austrian monarchy and of the Czech lands within the monarchy. Attention will be paid not only to the general grounds on which Palacký based his political program but also to the practical side of his political activities. In the same time, the most important political events and changes in the Austrian state will be mentioned from 1848 - the year when Palacký entered the political scene - to the year 1876 when he died. The first part will be devoted to the description of Palacký's character, especially his activities outside politics. The next part will focus especially on his activity in the Constituent Assembly in Vienna and Kroměříž in 1848-49. A detailed essay on Palacký's most important theoretical work, Ideje státu rakouského (Idea of the Austrian State) will form the centre of the third part. The individual chapters of the part will also deal with his other...
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Status of the emperor according to the Austrian constitutions
Danielovský, Martin ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
Resume Status of the emperor according to the Austrian constitutions The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the position which belonged to the head of the Habsburg Monarchy according to the Austrian Constitutions from the second half of the 19th century. The revolutionary years 1848-1849 caused changes in the constitutional system of the monarchy. These changes were also reflected at the level of head of state. The emperor was no longer to be sole representative of state power, but he had to participate in it together with the parliament and the government. When examining these changes, it is necessary to differentiate the formal position of Emperor, which belonged to him under the Constitutions and his factual position. Realistically, the emperor maintained until the collapse of the monarchy considerable influence on the exercise of state power. The work explores the following constitutions: Pillersdorf (April) constitution of 1848, Kremsier constitution of 1849, Stadion (March) constitution of 1849, Schmerling (February) constitution of 1861 and Beust (December) constitution of 1867. The work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter describes constitutional and political development of the Habsburg monarchy since revolution in 1848 until the release of the December constitution in 1867 and it...
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The Irish Emigration in the Middle Europe and the Family of Taafe
Beštová, Veronika ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Horčička, Václav (referee)
The work is focused on the fate of Irish emigration to Central Europe (the Habsburg monarchy) during the 16th and 17th centuries and its subsequent fate in this region. Particular attention is paid to the family of the Counts Taaffe, who especially in the 19th century significantly influenced politics in the Austrian Empire. Irish emigration in the 17th and 18th century can be divided into three major waves. The first hit after the defeat of Ireland Ulster insurgents in Kinsale. Local elites were not willing to accept a subordinate position and four years after the signing of. Mellifontské contract went 30 September 1607 more than ninety Ulstr for the most important nobles in exile. This "escape poke" had far-reaching consequences for Ireland and has contributed greatly to the realization of England's plans. The second and most extensive emigration met Ireland after the Armistice in Kilkeny in May 1652, ie during the era of Oliver Cromwel. The third wave of emigration then caused the victory of William of Orange over James II. in the battle of the Boyne in 1690 and Aughrimu the 1691. Most Irish emigrants resorted to the Catholic powers, particularly Spain, France and Austria. They can be roughly divided into three groups. First it was the Catholic priests, mainly members of the Franciscan order....
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Beginnings of the modern prison in the Czech lands in the 1st third of the 19th century: Punishment, prison, prisoner
Mitáčková, Renáta ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Olšáková, Doubravka (referee)
This thesis deals with the origins of the modern prison system in czech lands at the first third of the 19th century. At first, the theoretical part of the thesis presents the opinions of the authors of existing literature. Afterthen it concentrates at the most famous reformers of criminal law and prison system. In the end it describes the criminal justice system and prison in Habsburg Monarchy. Practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts - punishment, prison and prisoner. The first part deals with the concept of the punishment and its purpose. It presents and analyzes crimes and punishments. The second part is focused on the prison and its functions. Was the purpose of the prison to punish or also to correct the prisoner? Which instruments served to correction of the prisoner? The thesis also compares the functioning of the prison and the other institution of detention - the workhouse. The last part is searching for the answers on this questions: How should the prison act on the prisoner's soul and body? What part did the punishments play within the prison and how should they be realized? The aim of the thesis is to try to capture, how did the new concepts of imprisonment show in the praxis of prison and how they act on organization of prison. Key words: punishment, prison, prisoner,...
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